Change in production and productivity of us coal mines the higher productivity for open pit mining equipment also lowers costs. A manual of underground surveying civil engineering. Underground mining is the process of extracting minerals and ores that are located too far underground to be mined efficiently using surface mining methods. Mining methods exist which can be applied to irregularly shaped deposits, narrow veins, discontinuous veins, and small pockets or lenses of ore.
The first way in which proposed mining projects differ is the proposed method of moving or excavating the overburden. The first section gives an overview of underground mining methods and practices as. Responsibility this handbook applies to training program activities within msha required by sections 115, 502, and 503 of the mine act. Handbook of mining and tunnelling machinery, 1982, 742 pages. We are announcing this draft to a select group of interested parties with experience and expertise on coal mine regulation to solicit your comments and ideas for making this publication the best it. Learning that newly transformed vampire madelaine has been condemned to death by frances.
It builds on the grand tradition begun by highly respected leaders of the mining industrypeele 1918, 1927, and 1941 and continued by cummins and given 1973 and then hartman 1992. It is defined as a concentration of minerals that can be exploited and turned into a saleable product to generate a financially acceptable profit under existing economic conditions. Water control in underground mines grouting or drainage. Both methods are well suited to extracting the relatively flat coalbeds or coal seams typical of. Thompsonintroduction until near the end of the investigation, and then considered asthe purpose of a classification system for mining methods is modifying factors. Jul 21, 2016 underground mining is the process of extracting minerals and ores that are located too far underground to be mined efficiently using surface mining methods. Their special effort is a sign of the importance we attach to serving our customers in every way possible. This book describes mining methods for the surface and underground mineral deposits. The status of sampling practices in the gold mining industry in africa was determined as an initial step in a process to standardise sampling practices in the mining industry. Pdf mining methods underground mining mayra garcia. Several mines, metallurgical plants and laboratories were visited and the status of equipment, standards and procedures were rated to. Data mining methods for recommender systems 3 we usually distinguish two kinds of methods in the analysis step. In any discussion of methods of underground mining comparison, one is repeatedly confronted with the difficulty of dealing with so many variable conditions.
Underground mining methods presents the latest principles and techniques in use today. Hustulid, editor society of mining engineers 1982 1794 pages. Open pit mining mining methods 5 open pit mines are used to exploit low grade, shallow ore bodies. Underground mining methods and applications production headframe hans hamrin 1.
The primary objective of underground mining is to extract ore safely and economically while minimizing handling of waste rock. We are announcing this draft to a select group of interested parties with experience and expertise on coal mine regulation to solicit your comments and ideas for making this publication the best it can be. Human factors and ergonomics includes bibliographical references and index. Minto mine underground mine development and operations. This third edition of the sme mining engineering handbook reaffirms its international reputation as the handbook of choice for todays practicing mining engineer. Their special effort is a sign of the importance we attach to. Some pits operate at a rate of more than 100,000 tpd.
The two industries ranked together as the primary or basic industries of early civilization. Get underground mining methods engineering fundamentals and international case studies pdf file for free from our online library. Our main ambition with this book is to stimulate technical interchange between all people with a. This book presents the latest mining principles and techniques in use today. Chapter 11 mining technology the federal coal leasing amendments act of 1976 charged ota to assess the feasibility of the use of deep mining technology on leased areas. Agenda geological concepts mining methods mineral processing methods mine waste management mining and money a future of mining. All more mine designs were developed for 85,000 tons per day minimum production or enough feedstock for 50,000 barrel per day surface processing plant. Predictive methods use a set of observed variables to predict future or unknown values of other variables. Economic value of the ore and grade distribution within the deposit. Okubo encyclopedia of life support systems eolss figure 2.
Sufficient knowledge of the mineral deposit, mining. Text mining handbook casualty actuarial society eforum, spring 2010 2 we hope to make it easier for potential users to employ perl andor r for insurance text mining projects by illustrating their application to insurance problems with detailed information on the code and functions needed to perform the different text mining tasks. Chapter 11 mining technology the federal coal leasing amendments act of 1976 charged ota to assess the feasibility of the use of deepmining technology on leased areas. What follows are brief descriptions of the most common methods. Advancements in technology primarily hydraulics and explosives and expansion of mining activities in the west particularly in the prb, have shifted mining trends from underground to surface production over the past 40 years.
Reflecting the international and diverse nature of the industry, a series of mining case studies is presented covering the commodity range from iron ore to diamonds extracted by operations located in all corners of the world. Mining engineers throughout the world are the salt of the earth, and this third edition of the sme mining engineering handbook will be their bible. Typically, underground mine has less environmental impact. It is not an exact science and in the choice of a method each varying factor has a certain weight, which, in many cases, experience alone can determine. Mining methods in underground mining second edition 2007. Purchase underground mining methods and technology, volume 1 1st edition. Strength of the hanging wall, footwall, and ore body. With the passage of the surface mining control and reclamation act of 1977 congressional interest in the study of deep underground mining technology shifted. I am very happy to announce the release of a prepublication draft of the new edition of the strip mining handbook. The first phase, completed in july, 1975, recommended four mining methods for the phase ii study. The methods are generalized and focus on typical applications from different mining areas around the world, keeping in mind, however, that every mineral deposit, with its geology, grade, shape, and volume, is unique. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. Classification of surface mining methods extraction of mineral or energy resources by operations exclusively involving personnel working on the surface without provision of manned underground operations is referred to as surface.
Geotechnical considerations in underground miningdepartment of industry and resources guideline document no zme723qt 1. Unesco eolss sample chapters civil engineering vol. Underground mining methods and technology, volume 1 1st edition. Underground mining methods are usually employed when the depth of the deposit andor the waste to ore ratio stripping ratio are. Underground mining methods and equipment for bedded deposits and ore bodies. More than 40 chapters covering such underground mining topics as sampling, planning, reserve analysis, cost calculations, various methods of support, block and panel caving, and sublevel caving make up this comprehensive text.
Both methods have advantages and limitations and their. Handbook of mining and tunnelling machinery barbara stack this book seeks to open the possibility of a unique spirituality for any couple seeking to respond to gods presence in their lives. The revenue from the sale of the ore keeps the venture going and finances further development. This book consists of selected material from the outofprint industry standard, underground mining methods handbook. Underground mining systems mine 205 a required course for b. These are the methods techniques employed when the depth of the deposit,the stripping ratio of the overburden to ore,or both becomes excessive to surface exploitation. Classification of underground mining methods mineral production in which all extracting operations are conducted beneath the ground surface is termed underground mining. It must be of highenoughgrade toallow of good triangula tion work, and not toosensitivefor rough usage. After the ore body has been delineated and defined, a company may make several feasibility studies to determine the best way to mine the ore.
To name a mineral prospect an ore body requires more information than needed to establish metal grades. Minto mine qml0001 underground mine development and operations plan june 2014 1 background this underground mine development and operations plan umdop has been prepared to satisfy the requirements of quartz mining icence qml00l01 for the development and mining of the underground at minto mine, owned by minto explorations ltd. Engineering fundamentals and international case studies hustrulid, william a. The complete process is time consuming and expensive, requiring the use of modern technology and equipment, and may take many years to complete. Underground mining methods glossary bolting drilling a hole, and inserting a bolt to strengthen the ceiling and walls of an underground mine crusher a machine used to crush ore before it is transported drift a horizontal underground tunnel that follows a vein or ore body. Year ug production mm percentage underground surface production mm 1930. The mining rate is greater than 20,000 tonnes per day tpd but is usually much greater.
Computer labs, which house personal computers and workstations connected to department, college, and university networks. Underground mining methods handbook hustrulid, william a. Peeface theauthorhastriediiithisworktomeettheoftenexpressed wishofstudents,teachers,andpracticingsurveyorsforabook givingthebestofamericanpractice. Underground mining methods make it possible to economically mine mineral deposits which are too small, irregular, andor deeply buried to extract using surface mining methods. For the room and pillar underground mining method, using the battery powered mining vehicles can be more. Mining method, underground mining, roomandpillar mining, sublevel. Choice of an underground mining method is often closely related to the geology of the deposit and degree of ground support necessary to make the. Read online now underground mining methods engineering fundamentals and international case studies ebook pdf at our library. Sme mining engineering handbook, society for mining, metallurgy. Handbook of mining and tunnelling machinery, 1982, 742. The life cycle of a mineral deposit a teachers guide for. Underground mining methods engineering fundamentals and. Specialized mining engineering courses include surveying, underground and surface mining methods, fluid mechanics, thermodynamics, engineering design, ventilation and airning,conditio rock mechanics, mineral evaluation, reclamation, and mine administration and finance. Underground mining methods and technology, volume 1 1st.